Professional development of sport psychology practitioners: From systematic review to a model of development.

A clear model of professional development (PD) has the potential to enhance educational and training programs and promote effective, competent, and ethical practice. Scholars have explored facets of the PD of sport psychology practitioners (SPPs) using theoretical frameworks borrowed from counseling psychology. Yet, given the emergence of a sport-specific body of work on this topic, it appears timely to take stock of existing context-specific knowledge. In the present study, we aimed to systematically review the extant literature focused on SPP's PD to identify specific characteristics and organize this knowledge in an accessible and structured manner in the form of a process model of PD. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we identified 1147 research records in the databases SportDiscuss, PsychArticles, PsychInfo, ProQuest, and PubMed. We subsequently screened and assessed the records for eligibility (i.e., empirical studies published in English that focus on developmental characteristics of SPPs, including a clear developmental stage) reducing the sample of articles that fitted our inclusion criteria to 34 qualitative manuscripts. Finally, we critically explored these manuscripts by engaging in a reflexive thematic analysis and created four developmental phases (i.e., introduction, exploration, solidification, and fulfillment). SPPs' transition through these phases is seemingly facilitated by four processes (i.e., reflection, supervision, connections and networking with peers, and learning by doing), which also support the completion of the tasks associated with nine developmental elements (i.e., purpose, confidence and anxiety, focus, awareness, adaptability, independence, philosophy/congruence, professional identity, and the individual). We present the interaction of these developmental phases, elements, and processes in the form of a sport psychology-specific process model of PD. We discuss the implications of this model and its potential contribution to future research, supervision, and training programs. Yet, we also acknowledge how a focus on Anglophone and Western cultural contexts and a lack of methodological transparency are limitations of the extant literature.

Duelo de titãs: considerações acerca da coesão grupal e liderança / Remember de titans: concerning group cohesion and leadership / Titanes, hicieron historica: consideraciones sobre la cohesión grupal y el liderazgo

Os temas da liderança e da coesão grupal são determinantes quando se pensa em equipes esportivas, tornando-se fundamentais quando nos reportamos à intervenção da psicologia neste meio. O presente trabalho propõe-se a fazer uma discussão sobre a constituição e evolução das equipes bem como a importância destes temas nesse processo. Foram abordadas questões referentes ao processo de formação e evolução de uma equipe, o estabelecimento da coesão grupal, o papel e importância das lideranças dentro do grupo assim como o da liderança do técnico, estilos de liderança e sua efetividade. Uma reflexão sobre estas temáticas foi realizada com base no filme “Duelo de Titãs”, que ilustra a trajetória de uma equipe de futebol americano durante uma temporada. Através da análise de alguns acontecimentos marcantes do filme, buscamos integrar os conceitos teóricos com a prática, discutindo a formação de uma equipe esportiva e enfatizando a importância da liderança e da coesão grupal. Ao psicólogo esportivo é fundamental conhecer estes temas para intervir no assessoramento a times e comissões técnicas.(AU)

The themes of leadership and group cohesion are crucial when it comes to sports teams, and becomes essential when we talk about the intervention of Psychology in the area of sport. The present article proposed to make a discussion of the literature about the formation and evolution of ‘the team’, and the importance of these topics in this process. It were research issues relating to the process of the formation and evolution of a team, the establishment of group cohesion, the role and the importance of leadership within the group as well as the leadership of the coach, different styles and its effectiveness. We sought to reflect on the issues of cohesion and leadership based on the film "Remember the Titans”, which illustrates the trajectory of an American football team during the course of one season. Through the analysis of some important events in the film, we tried to integrate the theoretical concepts with the practice, discussing of the formation of a sports team and showing the importance of leadership and group cohesion. To the Sports Psychologists it is essential to be familiar with these issues to intervene in the advising of teams and technical committees.(AU)

Los temas del liderazgo y de la cohesión grupal son determinantes cuando se piensa en equipos deportivos, convirtiéndose en factores fundamentales al referirse a la intervención de la psicología en esa área. Este estudio propone un debate sobre la formación y evolución de los equipos, bien como la importancia de esos temas en este proceso. Se abordaron cuestiones relacionadas con el mecanismo de formación y evolución de un equipo; la construcción del la cohesión grupal; el papel y el valor del liderazgo dentro del grupo, incluyendo el del entrenador; los estilos de liderazgo y su eficacia. Una reflexión sobre esas cuestiones se hizo con base en la película "Titanes, Hicieron Historia", que ilustra la trayectoria de un equipo de fútbol americano durante una temporada. Mediante el análisis de algunos episodios de la película, buscamos integrar los conceptos teóricos con la práctica, discutiendo sobre la formación de un equipo y enfatizando la importancia del liderazgo y la cohesión del grupo. Es imprescindible que el psicólogo deportivo domine esos aspectos para poder trabajar con los equipos y los cuerpos técnicos.(AU)